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.Only in Southwest Africa were Germans generally allowed to remain,although male oH"cials were deported, most of them to South Africa."&!Government oH"cials who interviewed deported colonists on their ar-rival in Germany asked them leading questions with respect to race inorder to assemble evidence of Entente atrocities. How rapid was theexpulsion or escort out of the colony? Who carried it out (coloredsoldiers?) and how? asked the oH"cial questionnaire.In cases of mal-treatment, the questionnaire asked: By whom? (perhaps by coloredsoldiers?). À`" Over the years, stock phrases of purple prose emerged fordescribing the deportations.A colonialist man recalled in 1931 the expe-riences of Ada Schnee, wife of the German East African governor, Hein-rich Schnee, during the Belgian occupation of the town of Tabora: TheBelgians swept in with wild hordes from the Congo.The occupation ofTabora was indescribable.perhaps never before in the world hadwhite women been subjected to such persecution.In the middle of thenight the women suddenly found savages in their bedrooms; withshaggy hair, protruding lips and red eyes they stood there with knife inhand before a delicate European woman and demanded everything. À "The author of this passage had not been present at these events, or evenin Tabora; he was imagining them.In this case we can compare hisstatement directly with Ada Schnee s own.In her memoir, which by no186 german women for empire means sought to minimize the violence and injustice of the Belgian oc-cupation, Schnee described the situation in comparatively sober terms: Many women found themselves suddenly facing a guard of askaris,with arms at the ready, in their bedrooms. Àd" Ada Schnee did mentionelsewhere instances of rape during the occupation of Tabora but therape victims were African, not German, women.Àe"Ada Schnee and Elly Proempeler, the deported widow of the districtoH"cer of Tabora killed in the war, did repeatedly mention sexual fear.Butthey made a point of di"erentiating between German Africans andother Africans.As Proempeler noted, Germans in Germany did not dif-ferentiate: I have been asked here at home so often, Did not the blacksact very shamelessly toward us women as soon as we were alone? À"Proempeler made a point of contradicting metropolitan Germans as-sumptions, devoting an entire chapter to recording the aid rendered herby Africans and Afro-Arabs who had been under German rule.HereProempeler was mobilizing the revisionist insistence on mutual a"ectionbetween colonizer and colonized against a metropolitan racist sexualparanoia.Proempeler and Schnee reserved their language of sexual para-noia for the Congolese and other African soldiers under Entente rule.Even so, none of the memoirs by women deportees records any rape orlesser sexual molestation of a German woman by an African man.À" Like-wise, the deportees responses to the government interviewers showedthat German colonists su"ered many serious hardships, such as beingforced to march long distances while ill and underfed, arbitrary measuresat the hands of local oH"cials, and even stonings by hostile Europeancolonists in French and Belgian colonies.They also indicated outrageand fear at being placed under the guard of African soldiers.À" But noneof the women among the interview respondents was able to confirm anyinstance of sexual violence.Women deportees intended their published diaries to document En-tente outrages, and they interpreted the shame of military defeat interms of women s sexual vulnerability.Yet what these memoirs mainlyconveyed to German readers was a record of German women s patrioticfortitude and ability to protect themselves, even in the absence of theirhusbands.Schnee, for example, referred repeatedly to how she faceddown British and Belgian oH"cials by simply refusing to follow theirthe woman citizen 187 orders.Such instances of female bravery recalled the heroism of theFarmersfrau [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.Only in Southwest Africa were Germans generally allowed to remain,although male oH"cials were deported, most of them to South Africa."&!Government oH"cials who interviewed deported colonists on their ar-rival in Germany asked them leading questions with respect to race inorder to assemble evidence of Entente atrocities. How rapid was theexpulsion or escort out of the colony? Who carried it out (coloredsoldiers?) and how? asked the oH"cial questionnaire.In cases of mal-treatment, the questionnaire asked: By whom? (perhaps by coloredsoldiers?). À`" Over the years, stock phrases of purple prose emerged fordescribing the deportations.A colonialist man recalled in 1931 the expe-riences of Ada Schnee, wife of the German East African governor, Hein-rich Schnee, during the Belgian occupation of the town of Tabora: TheBelgians swept in with wild hordes from the Congo.The occupation ofTabora was indescribable.perhaps never before in the world hadwhite women been subjected to such persecution.In the middle of thenight the women suddenly found savages in their bedrooms; withshaggy hair, protruding lips and red eyes they stood there with knife inhand before a delicate European woman and demanded everything. À "The author of this passage had not been present at these events, or evenin Tabora; he was imagining them.In this case we can compare hisstatement directly with Ada Schnee s own.In her memoir, which by no186 german women for empire means sought to minimize the violence and injustice of the Belgian oc-cupation, Schnee described the situation in comparatively sober terms: Many women found themselves suddenly facing a guard of askaris,with arms at the ready, in their bedrooms. Àd" Ada Schnee did mentionelsewhere instances of rape during the occupation of Tabora but therape victims were African, not German, women.Àe"Ada Schnee and Elly Proempeler, the deported widow of the districtoH"cer of Tabora killed in the war, did repeatedly mention sexual fear.Butthey made a point of di"erentiating between German Africans andother Africans.As Proempeler noted, Germans in Germany did not dif-ferentiate: I have been asked here at home so often, Did not the blacksact very shamelessly toward us women as soon as we were alone? À"Proempeler made a point of contradicting metropolitan Germans as-sumptions, devoting an entire chapter to recording the aid rendered herby Africans and Afro-Arabs who had been under German rule.HereProempeler was mobilizing the revisionist insistence on mutual a"ectionbetween colonizer and colonized against a metropolitan racist sexualparanoia.Proempeler and Schnee reserved their language of sexual para-noia for the Congolese and other African soldiers under Entente rule.Even so, none of the memoirs by women deportees records any rape orlesser sexual molestation of a German woman by an African man.À" Like-wise, the deportees responses to the government interviewers showedthat German colonists su"ered many serious hardships, such as beingforced to march long distances while ill and underfed, arbitrary measuresat the hands of local oH"cials, and even stonings by hostile Europeancolonists in French and Belgian colonies.They also indicated outrageand fear at being placed under the guard of African soldiers.À" But noneof the women among the interview respondents was able to confirm anyinstance of sexual violence.Women deportees intended their published diaries to document En-tente outrages, and they interpreted the shame of military defeat interms of women s sexual vulnerability.Yet what these memoirs mainlyconveyed to German readers was a record of German women s patrioticfortitude and ability to protect themselves, even in the absence of theirhusbands.Schnee, for example, referred repeatedly to how she faceddown British and Belgian oH"cials by simply refusing to follow theirthe woman citizen 187 orders.Such instances of female bravery recalled the heroism of theFarmersfrau [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]