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.: Beacon Press)Rosenau, J.N.1990.Turbulence in World Politics: A Theory of Change and Continuity(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press).Roy, A.2001.Power Politics (Boston, Mass.: South End Press).Sakamoto, Y.1994.Global Transformation: Challenges to the State System (Tokyo,United Nations University).Shiva, V.1987. People s Ecology: The Chipko Movement, in R.B.J.Walker andMendlovitz, eds., Towards a Just World Peace: Perspectives from Social Movements(London: Butterworths), 253 70.Soros, G.2002.George Soros on Globalization (New York: Public Affairs).Wapner, P.1996. The Social Construction of Global Governance, paper presented atannual meeting, American Political Science Association, August 28 31, 1996. Part TwoNormative Contours Chapter 5Toward Global JusticeThe Changing Global ContextMajor changes in the global setting over the course of the last few decades haveproduced significant trends in support of the pursuit of global justice.TheAmerican-led response to the al Qaeda attacks of September 11 seems likely to haltthis progress, at least temporarily, but if a longer time horizon is adopted, it seemslikely that the positive trends will resume.If winning the global war againstterrorism depends on addressing the deep roots of such political violenceembedded in the terrain of deprivation and grievance, then the indirect effect ofthe attacks could even be to strengthen an awareness that the promotion ofjustice is pragmatically integral to global security.So conceived, global justice isno longer understood as an expression of an altruistic spirit, but rather reflectingchanging societal values and the benefits of cooperative nonviolent approachesto conflict resolution and dispute settlement.At the same time, diverting attention from the global justice agenda reflectspressures additional to those associated with worries about transnationalterrorism on a large scale.It would appear that American leaders have seized theoccasion to promote an empire-building grand strategy either because only sucha structure of authority can quell the megaterrorist threat or because the terroristmenace mobilizes domestic support in the United States for this project of globaldominance.However understood, such a project works against the struggles forglobal justice, both by focusing attention on war/peace issues and giving rise toresistance and peace movements that challenge the imperial design at home andabroad.The Afghanistan War, as initiated and waged, seemed at first reasonablyrelated to the antiterrorism war, although its aftermath aroused a variety ofdoubts about American goals, intentions, and capabilities.But the shift ing focusof global security attention has given rise to growing skepticism about whetherthe worldview of the Bush White House has any coherent understanding of howto deal with megaterrorism.There are also related concerns that antiterrorism performs as a cover for empire-building. TOWARD GLOBAL JUSTICE " 101The axis of evil phrase in President George Bush s 2002 State of the UnionAddress immediately set off alarm bells, raising anxieties around the worldabout the American definition of a wider war zone than that produced by theSeptember 11 attacks, one that has neither an obvious end point nor anydiscernible spatial boundaries.The debate on Iraq policy leading to the Iraq Warinitiated without any approval by the UN Security Council and in direct violationof the Charter exemplifies the view that there exists widespread politicalopposition to the way the U.S.government is managing global security issues.The persistence of Iraqi opposition to the American occupation of the countryreinforces these concerns, and leaves an acute uncertainty as to the politicaloutcome of the Iraq War.Perhaps the major unanticipated costs of the imperialgrand design will lead domestic forces in the United States to reconsider itssecurity policy, and repudiate by elections and grassroots opposition the sort ofextremist views that had been earlier uncritically accepted by the Americanpeople, seemingly lulled into a submissive condition by the September 11experience, a climate of opinion falsely praised as patriotism. (SeeChapter 10.) Whether or not this change of mood occurs in the United States, itis more important than ever to remind ourselves of how much progress had beenmade during the 1990s with respect to global justice.In this spirit, it is helpful to take account of six notable developments thatencouraged the pursuit of global justice in the 1990s [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.: Beacon Press)Rosenau, J.N.1990.Turbulence in World Politics: A Theory of Change and Continuity(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press).Roy, A.2001.Power Politics (Boston, Mass.: South End Press).Sakamoto, Y.1994.Global Transformation: Challenges to the State System (Tokyo,United Nations University).Shiva, V.1987. People s Ecology: The Chipko Movement, in R.B.J.Walker andMendlovitz, eds., Towards a Just World Peace: Perspectives from Social Movements(London: Butterworths), 253 70.Soros, G.2002.George Soros on Globalization (New York: Public Affairs).Wapner, P.1996. The Social Construction of Global Governance, paper presented atannual meeting, American Political Science Association, August 28 31, 1996. Part TwoNormative Contours Chapter 5Toward Global JusticeThe Changing Global ContextMajor changes in the global setting over the course of the last few decades haveproduced significant trends in support of the pursuit of global justice.TheAmerican-led response to the al Qaeda attacks of September 11 seems likely to haltthis progress, at least temporarily, but if a longer time horizon is adopted, it seemslikely that the positive trends will resume.If winning the global war againstterrorism depends on addressing the deep roots of such political violenceembedded in the terrain of deprivation and grievance, then the indirect effect ofthe attacks could even be to strengthen an awareness that the promotion ofjustice is pragmatically integral to global security.So conceived, global justice isno longer understood as an expression of an altruistic spirit, but rather reflectingchanging societal values and the benefits of cooperative nonviolent approachesto conflict resolution and dispute settlement.At the same time, diverting attention from the global justice agenda reflectspressures additional to those associated with worries about transnationalterrorism on a large scale.It would appear that American leaders have seized theoccasion to promote an empire-building grand strategy either because only sucha structure of authority can quell the megaterrorist threat or because the terroristmenace mobilizes domestic support in the United States for this project of globaldominance.However understood, such a project works against the struggles forglobal justice, both by focusing attention on war/peace issues and giving rise toresistance and peace movements that challenge the imperial design at home andabroad.The Afghanistan War, as initiated and waged, seemed at first reasonablyrelated to the antiterrorism war, although its aftermath aroused a variety ofdoubts about American goals, intentions, and capabilities.But the shift ing focusof global security attention has given rise to growing skepticism about whetherthe worldview of the Bush White House has any coherent understanding of howto deal with megaterrorism.There are also related concerns that antiterrorism performs as a cover for empire-building. TOWARD GLOBAL JUSTICE " 101The axis of evil phrase in President George Bush s 2002 State of the UnionAddress immediately set off alarm bells, raising anxieties around the worldabout the American definition of a wider war zone than that produced by theSeptember 11 attacks, one that has neither an obvious end point nor anydiscernible spatial boundaries.The debate on Iraq policy leading to the Iraq Warinitiated without any approval by the UN Security Council and in direct violationof the Charter exemplifies the view that there exists widespread politicalopposition to the way the U.S.government is managing global security issues.The persistence of Iraqi opposition to the American occupation of the countryreinforces these concerns, and leaves an acute uncertainty as to the politicaloutcome of the Iraq War.Perhaps the major unanticipated costs of the imperialgrand design will lead domestic forces in the United States to reconsider itssecurity policy, and repudiate by elections and grassroots opposition the sort ofextremist views that had been earlier uncritically accepted by the Americanpeople, seemingly lulled into a submissive condition by the September 11experience, a climate of opinion falsely praised as patriotism. (SeeChapter 10.) Whether or not this change of mood occurs in the United States, itis more important than ever to remind ourselves of how much progress had beenmade during the 1990s with respect to global justice.In this spirit, it is helpful to take account of six notable developments thatencouraged the pursuit of global justice in the 1990s [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]