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. 88 Similar to Boissonade in his Commentaire and Itö Hirobumi s scribesin their Reports, Brown asserted that he spoke for the civilized world. In theopening lines, he wrote:The interest of the civilized world has been aroused by the difficultiesthat have developed in Korea (Japanese Chosen) and which have cul-minated in the arrest, trial and conviction of a large number of Korean 126 Japan s Colonization of KoreaChristians on a charge of conspiring to assassinate Count Terauchi, theGovernor General.The circumstances raise some grave questions inwhich western peoples are deeply concerned.89Sanctimoniously inserting a specific moral gravity to the situation, Browncontinued:It is true that from the viewpoint of international law and diplomaticintercourse, these questions primarily relate to Japan s treatment of herown subjects; but it is also true that it may be said of nations, as of indi-viduals, that none of us liveth to himself. Mankind has passed thestage where it is indifferent to what any Government does to a subjectrace.90Regardless of the fact that international law presumed its own legality becauseits terms were practiced under God, in this activist missionary s estimation,the voice of the apostle Paul overruled this particular mundane theory.Brownended up defining Japan as a full practitioner of international terms, terms heconsidered the lesser standard than Christian law.Like Boissonade, Brown prescribed a method by which Japan could escapeinternational denigration.Quoting and commenting on Eliot s letter, Browntook up the suggestion that judicious modifications of [Japan s] preliminaryproceedings against alleged criminals would raise the standing of Japanamong Western nations. Brown elaborated, Japan wishes to be consideredone of the most advanced nations of the world, and if it expects to be regardedas such, it should so amend its criminal law that it can withstand criticism thatis based not on a technical difference of method but on that essential justicewhich mankind has come to demand even from the lowest of men. 91 In effect,the American secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions chal-lenged the Japanese Governor General of Korea to display essential justice to the civilized world to secure Japan s status as one among the most advancednations of the world. Before the 1910 annexation, Itö s legal scions laid the foundations forJapan s display of its pure and competent rule of Korea.Many in Japan andabroad had discerned a mishandling of justice at the first trial in the SeoulDistrict Court, in 1912, but the display of justice performed at the subsequentappeals trials in Seoul and Taegu legitimated Japan s rule of Korea.Moreover,observers came away from the trials convinced that the Japanese regime had Mission Législatrice 127stopped the practice of torture despite the overwhelming evidence to thecontrary.The civilized world judged Japan s rule of Korea legal.Japanese judges, prosecutors, and defense lawyers presented Japan s lawfulrule of Korea to courtrooms full of spectators at the appeals proceedings.Onlya few American missionaries had observed the first trial in 1912, but interestin the appeals hearings brought crowds of spectators to the new, brightly litwitness gallery.Defense lawyers had complained in the first trial about lack ofKorean translation, but for the appeals proceedings the Governor General soffice supplied ample interpretation of the proceedings.What observersjudged, however, was not the good English that the interpreters could provide,but how the legal terminology they uttered accorded to civilized practice.Similar to Itö Hirobumi s negotiations of the Treaty of Tianjin in English, in1885, the significance of the legal terminology at the hearings surpassed theparticular language in which it was spoken [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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. 88 Similar to Boissonade in his Commentaire and Itö Hirobumi s scribesin their Reports, Brown asserted that he spoke for the civilized world. In theopening lines, he wrote:The interest of the civilized world has been aroused by the difficultiesthat have developed in Korea (Japanese Chosen) and which have cul-minated in the arrest, trial and conviction of a large number of Korean 126 Japan s Colonization of KoreaChristians on a charge of conspiring to assassinate Count Terauchi, theGovernor General.The circumstances raise some grave questions inwhich western peoples are deeply concerned.89Sanctimoniously inserting a specific moral gravity to the situation, Browncontinued:It is true that from the viewpoint of international law and diplomaticintercourse, these questions primarily relate to Japan s treatment of herown subjects; but it is also true that it may be said of nations, as of indi-viduals, that none of us liveth to himself. Mankind has passed thestage where it is indifferent to what any Government does to a subjectrace.90Regardless of the fact that international law presumed its own legality becauseits terms were practiced under God, in this activist missionary s estimation,the voice of the apostle Paul overruled this particular mundane theory.Brownended up defining Japan as a full practitioner of international terms, terms heconsidered the lesser standard than Christian law.Like Boissonade, Brown prescribed a method by which Japan could escapeinternational denigration.Quoting and commenting on Eliot s letter, Browntook up the suggestion that judicious modifications of [Japan s] preliminaryproceedings against alleged criminals would raise the standing of Japanamong Western nations. Brown elaborated, Japan wishes to be consideredone of the most advanced nations of the world, and if it expects to be regardedas such, it should so amend its criminal law that it can withstand criticism thatis based not on a technical difference of method but on that essential justicewhich mankind has come to demand even from the lowest of men. 91 In effect,the American secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions chal-lenged the Japanese Governor General of Korea to display essential justice to the civilized world to secure Japan s status as one among the most advancednations of the world. Before the 1910 annexation, Itö s legal scions laid the foundations forJapan s display of its pure and competent rule of Korea.Many in Japan andabroad had discerned a mishandling of justice at the first trial in the SeoulDistrict Court, in 1912, but the display of justice performed at the subsequentappeals trials in Seoul and Taegu legitimated Japan s rule of Korea.Moreover,observers came away from the trials convinced that the Japanese regime had Mission Législatrice 127stopped the practice of torture despite the overwhelming evidence to thecontrary.The civilized world judged Japan s rule of Korea legal.Japanese judges, prosecutors, and defense lawyers presented Japan s lawfulrule of Korea to courtrooms full of spectators at the appeals proceedings.Onlya few American missionaries had observed the first trial in 1912, but interestin the appeals hearings brought crowds of spectators to the new, brightly litwitness gallery.Defense lawyers had complained in the first trial about lack ofKorean translation, but for the appeals proceedings the Governor General soffice supplied ample interpretation of the proceedings.What observersjudged, however, was not the good English that the interpreters could provide,but how the legal terminology they uttered accorded to civilized practice.Similar to Itö Hirobumi s negotiations of the Treaty of Tianjin in English, in1885, the significance of the legal terminology at the hearings surpassed theparticular language in which it was spoken [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]