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.Rothman, Hands and Hearts: A History of Courtship inAmerica (New York: Basic, 1984), 187 88; Cassedy, Medicine and AmericanGrowth, 170.24.Mitchell, The Vacant Chair, 77 78; Livermore, My Story of the War,169; Boyden, ed., War Reminiscences, 112; Brumgardt, ed., Civil WarNurse, 74; Theophilus Parsons, Memoir of Emily Elizabeth Parsons (Boston:Little, Brown, 1880), 52.25.Boyden, ed., War Reminiscences, 32 34, emphasis in original.Seealso John D Emilio and Estelle B.Freedman, Intimate Matters: A Historyof Sexuality in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 69 72, andLystra, Searching the Heart, 107 9.26.Julia S.Wheelock, The Boys in White; the Experience of a HospitalAgent in and Around Washington (New York: Lange and Hillman, 1870), vi;Louisa May Alcott, Hospital Sketches (Boston: J.Redpath, 1863), 28 29;Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp, 31.See also E.Anthony Rotundo,American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution tothe Modern Era (New York: Basic, 1993), 93 96.Rotundo argues that the brother-sister tie served as an ideal as well as an important bridge betweenthe worlds of males and females.For most boys and girls, the relationshipwas the first peer relationship with the opposite sex.Boys learned to protect Richard.qxd 8/29/2003 1:29 PM Page 281FEMALE NURSES BRING HOME TO THE HOSPITAL 281their sisters, and sisters learned to lean on a male for advice and shelter.Likewise, the brother-sister dynamic became a way in which men andwomen could interact without the stress of an intimate relationship. Theyhad a chance to test their feelings and their personal skills in an intense rela-tionship with a peer of the opposite sex, in a circumstance where expecta-tions were safely limited and the chances of rejection were minimal (93).Few nurses and soldiers would have utilized the relationship for intimatepurposes, but rather it was a familiar, comfortable, and acceptable dynamicwith which to interact with the opposite sex.27.Schultz, Women at the Front, 21; Junius T.Turner, Official Letterof Recognition, August 22, 1916, Benjamin and Catherine Oliphant Papers,Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; The Anglo-African, August 22,1863; Patricia W.Romero and Willie Lee Rose, eds., Reminiscences of MyLife: A Black Woman s Civil War Memoirs, 7th ed.(New York: MarkWiener, 1999), 33, 41, 42; pamphlet, The 54th Regiment MassachusettsVolunteer Infantry Plaza (New Bedford, Mass.: New Bedford HistoricalSociety, 1999).28.Lystra, Searching the Heart, 128 29.As Phillip Paludan argues, noconcept was of greater importance to these people.than the idea of home. It was the home that sheltered them and their families as thenation fought its greatest war. See War and Home, 8.29.Mitchell, Civil War Soldiers, 59.In her study of women s role in theVictorian-era army, Myna Trustam also notes that the unsanitary nature ofbarracks influenced moral as well as physical health. See Women of theRegiment: Marriage and the Victorian Army (Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1984), 24 25.30.Harriet D.Whetten to Hexie, May 11, 1862, Harriet DouglasWhetten Papers, 1855 65, Wisconsin State Historical Society, Madison;Georgeanna Woolsey, Three Weeks at Gettysburg (New York: Anson D.F.Randolph, 1863), 10 11.31.Schwartz, ed., A Woman Doctor s Civil War, 50.32.Jane Merrill Ketcham to Bettie & Sue, December 21, 1862,Ketcham Family Correspondence, 1862 63, Indiana Historical SocietyLibrary, Indianapolis; Parsons, Memoir, 83, 26; Orra Bailey quoted inMitchell, The Vacant Chair, 74; Birney quoted in the Christian Recorder,January 16, 1864; Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp, 235; Sarah KipBrandegee, The Bugle Call: A Summons to Work in Christ s Army (NewYork: American Tract Society, 1871), 26.Julia Wheelock believed the pres-ence of women.brought forth the better angel of the soldier s nature.Akind, cheerful look, a smile of recognition, one word of encouragement,enables him to bear his suffering more bravely (The Boys in White, vi). Richard.qxd 8/29/2003 1:29 PM Page 282282 BUSY HANDSThere is evidence that black people felt similarly about the moral superior-ity of black women.Reporting on the flag ceremony of the Fifty-fourthMassachusetts regiment, a writer for The Anglo-African suggested thatwhatever the ladies are interested in, their sanction is always an assuranceof its worthiness, and their influence guarantees its success, virtuous impuls-es and noble resolutions will ever receive the highest admiration from thegentler sex (April 4, 1863).33.Hess, The Union Soldier in Battle, 28, 32; Whitman, The WoundDresser, 48; Mitchell, Civil War Soldiers, 61 62; Keys quoted inLinderman, Embattled Courage, 248; Ross, Women Are Needed Here, 201; Virginia Matzke Adams, ed., On the Altar of Freedom: A Black Soldier sCivil War Letters from the Front, Corporal James Henry Gooding(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1991), 93.34.George G.Carter to My dear Miss Terry, March 11, 1865, USSCRecords, Cleveland Branch.35.Katherine Prescott Wormeley, The Other Side of War: On theHospital Transports with the Army of the Potomac (Boston: Ticknor, 1889),115, 145; Georgeanna Woolsey Bacon and Eliza Woolsey Howland, Lettersof a Family During the War for the Union, 1861 1865 (New Haven, Conn.:Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, 1899), 384; Linderman, Embattled Courage,248.After seeing an unknown soldier die, Wilbur Fisk wrote of the anguishand frustration that the soldier s parents surely felt: What would his moth-er give now to drop a tear by his rude grave a sacred spot that she maynever be able to find? And thus have perished thousands since this warbegan. See Emil Rosenblatt and Ruth Rosenblatt, eds., Hard MarchingEvery Day: The Civil War Letters of Private Wilbur Fisk, 1861 1865(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992), 257.36.Schultz, The Inhospitable Hospital, 378 79.Doctors were notnecessarily more callous, but Schultz attributes their fascination with thewounds and illnesses as a reflection of their medical training.37.Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 41; Romero and Rose, eds., Reminiscencesof My Life, 64, 67.38.Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp, 159; Parsons, Memoir, 27;Brumgardt, ed [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.Rothman, Hands and Hearts: A History of Courtship inAmerica (New York: Basic, 1984), 187 88; Cassedy, Medicine and AmericanGrowth, 170.24.Mitchell, The Vacant Chair, 77 78; Livermore, My Story of the War,169; Boyden, ed., War Reminiscences, 112; Brumgardt, ed., Civil WarNurse, 74; Theophilus Parsons, Memoir of Emily Elizabeth Parsons (Boston:Little, Brown, 1880), 52.25.Boyden, ed., War Reminiscences, 32 34, emphasis in original.Seealso John D Emilio and Estelle B.Freedman, Intimate Matters: A Historyof Sexuality in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 69 72, andLystra, Searching the Heart, 107 9.26.Julia S.Wheelock, The Boys in White; the Experience of a HospitalAgent in and Around Washington (New York: Lange and Hillman, 1870), vi;Louisa May Alcott, Hospital Sketches (Boston: J.Redpath, 1863), 28 29;Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp, 31.See also E.Anthony Rotundo,American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution tothe Modern Era (New York: Basic, 1993), 93 96.Rotundo argues that the brother-sister tie served as an ideal as well as an important bridge betweenthe worlds of males and females.For most boys and girls, the relationshipwas the first peer relationship with the opposite sex.Boys learned to protect Richard.qxd 8/29/2003 1:29 PM Page 281FEMALE NURSES BRING HOME TO THE HOSPITAL 281their sisters, and sisters learned to lean on a male for advice and shelter.Likewise, the brother-sister dynamic became a way in which men andwomen could interact without the stress of an intimate relationship. Theyhad a chance to test their feelings and their personal skills in an intense rela-tionship with a peer of the opposite sex, in a circumstance where expecta-tions were safely limited and the chances of rejection were minimal (93).Few nurses and soldiers would have utilized the relationship for intimatepurposes, but rather it was a familiar, comfortable, and acceptable dynamicwith which to interact with the opposite sex.27.Schultz, Women at the Front, 21; Junius T.Turner, Official Letterof Recognition, August 22, 1916, Benjamin and Catherine Oliphant Papers,Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; The Anglo-African, August 22,1863; Patricia W.Romero and Willie Lee Rose, eds., Reminiscences of MyLife: A Black Woman s Civil War Memoirs, 7th ed.(New York: MarkWiener, 1999), 33, 41, 42; pamphlet, The 54th Regiment MassachusettsVolunteer Infantry Plaza (New Bedford, Mass.: New Bedford HistoricalSociety, 1999).28.Lystra, Searching the Heart, 128 29.As Phillip Paludan argues, noconcept was of greater importance to these people.than the idea of home. It was the home that sheltered them and their families as thenation fought its greatest war. See War and Home, 8.29.Mitchell, Civil War Soldiers, 59.In her study of women s role in theVictorian-era army, Myna Trustam also notes that the unsanitary nature ofbarracks influenced moral as well as physical health. See Women of theRegiment: Marriage and the Victorian Army (Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1984), 24 25.30.Harriet D.Whetten to Hexie, May 11, 1862, Harriet DouglasWhetten Papers, 1855 65, Wisconsin State Historical Society, Madison;Georgeanna Woolsey, Three Weeks at Gettysburg (New York: Anson D.F.Randolph, 1863), 10 11.31.Schwartz, ed., A Woman Doctor s Civil War, 50.32.Jane Merrill Ketcham to Bettie & Sue, December 21, 1862,Ketcham Family Correspondence, 1862 63, Indiana Historical SocietyLibrary, Indianapolis; Parsons, Memoir, 83, 26; Orra Bailey quoted inMitchell, The Vacant Chair, 74; Birney quoted in the Christian Recorder,January 16, 1864; Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp, 235; Sarah KipBrandegee, The Bugle Call: A Summons to Work in Christ s Army (NewYork: American Tract Society, 1871), 26.Julia Wheelock believed the pres-ence of women.brought forth the better angel of the soldier s nature.Akind, cheerful look, a smile of recognition, one word of encouragement,enables him to bear his suffering more bravely (The Boys in White, vi). Richard.qxd 8/29/2003 1:29 PM Page 282282 BUSY HANDSThere is evidence that black people felt similarly about the moral superior-ity of black women.Reporting on the flag ceremony of the Fifty-fourthMassachusetts regiment, a writer for The Anglo-African suggested thatwhatever the ladies are interested in, their sanction is always an assuranceof its worthiness, and their influence guarantees its success, virtuous impuls-es and noble resolutions will ever receive the highest admiration from thegentler sex (April 4, 1863).33.Hess, The Union Soldier in Battle, 28, 32; Whitman, The WoundDresser, 48; Mitchell, Civil War Soldiers, 61 62; Keys quoted inLinderman, Embattled Courage, 248; Ross, Women Are Needed Here, 201; Virginia Matzke Adams, ed., On the Altar of Freedom: A Black Soldier sCivil War Letters from the Front, Corporal James Henry Gooding(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1991), 93.34.George G.Carter to My dear Miss Terry, March 11, 1865, USSCRecords, Cleveland Branch.35.Katherine Prescott Wormeley, The Other Side of War: On theHospital Transports with the Army of the Potomac (Boston: Ticknor, 1889),115, 145; Georgeanna Woolsey Bacon and Eliza Woolsey Howland, Lettersof a Family During the War for the Union, 1861 1865 (New Haven, Conn.:Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor, 1899), 384; Linderman, Embattled Courage,248.After seeing an unknown soldier die, Wilbur Fisk wrote of the anguishand frustration that the soldier s parents surely felt: What would his moth-er give now to drop a tear by his rude grave a sacred spot that she maynever be able to find? And thus have perished thousands since this warbegan. See Emil Rosenblatt and Ruth Rosenblatt, eds., Hard MarchingEvery Day: The Civil War Letters of Private Wilbur Fisk, 1861 1865(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992), 257.36.Schultz, The Inhospitable Hospital, 378 79.Doctors were notnecessarily more callous, but Schultz attributes their fascination with thewounds and illnesses as a reflection of their medical training.37.Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 41; Romero and Rose, eds., Reminiscencesof My Life, 64, 67.38.Bucklin, In Hospital and Camp, 159; Parsons, Memoir, 27;Brumgardt, ed [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]