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.""I don't see the connection," grumbled Hal."You will in a minute.You see when the Spaniards were settled in Cuba in theearly sixteenth century they kept on looking for two things--gold and a waterroute to Cathay or China and the Spice Islands of the East.Now, in 1528 aSpanish expedition under Narvaez came to grief in Florida.A few survivorsmade their way across the Gulf of Mexico, and finally four who were left werecaptured by the Indians a little west of the mouth of the Mississippi.Foryears they were captives among the Indians of eastern Texas and westernLouisiana.They made many long journeys, and their leader, Alvar Nunez Cabezade Vaca, gained some favors by acting as medicine man.But at last theyescaped.They traveled across Texas and northern Mexico, and in 1536 succeededin reaching the northern outpost of Spain in Mexico, at Culiacan, in Sinaloa.""That must have been the first time a white man crossed this continent," brokein Hal.Page 43 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html"Yes, Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was the first to cross the continent.He wasthe first white man to see the buffalo, and another thing he did was to bringhack stories of wonderful towns filled with riches of which the Indians hadtold him.Stories like this had reached the Spaniards before.Within threeyears a priest, Fray Marcos de Niza, taking one of Alvar Nunez Cabeza deVaca's followers, started north to find the Seven Cities of Cibola.Heprobably did find the Pueblos of Zuni, but he brought back exaggeratedstories.Such stories, especially one of Quivira, an Indian treasure city, ledMendoza, the Viceroy of Mexico, to organize a search expedition which wascommanded by Coronado, the Governor of New Galicia.He started north in 1540with over three hundred soldiers and over a thousand Indian allies and Indianand negro servants.He captured Zuni, although he didn't find any gold.Hewintered there and sent out exploring parties, and one of them, to come backto my starting-point, found the Grand Cañon.""Did the Spaniards get down into the Grand Cañon?" asked Hal."They tried to.Some of the men with Cardenas climbed down a long way withIndian guides.They said that some rocks on the sides of the cliffs whichseemed the size of a man from above proved to be larger than the great towerat Seville when they reached them.But they could not go on to the bottom.They estimated the width of the Cañon at the top at three or four leagues.""But," said Hal, "didn't the Spaniards ever reach the river itself?""I should say they did," replied Ken."Listen.In 1539 some ships commanded byDon Francisco de Ulloa evidently reached the mouth of the river.When Coronadostarted the next year, the Viceroy sent out another fleet commanded by DonFernando de Alarcon.This fleet was to go north along the Mexican coast, andas they knew nothing of the geography of the region they thought Coronado andAlarcon would not be far apart and could keep in touch.Alarcon not onlyreached the mouth of the Colorado, but he ascended the river in boats foreighty-five leagues and called it the Rio de Buena Guia.Also Melchior Diaz,who led an exploring party sent out by Coronado, went across Arizona to theGulf of California, crossing the Colorado River.""Where did you get all this?" asked Dick, abruptly, and then, as Ken held up asmall book, "Oh! you've been reading up.But my histories never told me this.What is that?""That," said Ken, "is Castañeda's 'Relations,' or Journal, and Castañeda wasan educated private soldier with Coronado who was the historian of thejourney, in order that there might be a full report for the Viceroy of Mexicoand the Emperor-King of Spain.It has been translated and explained by Mr.G.P.Winship, and other scholars, like Bandelier, have helped to make theSpanish explorations known.Cabeza de Vaca wrote a full account of hiswanderings, like many other adventurous Spaniards.""Oh! What became of Coronado finally?" asked Hal."His expedition journeyed from Zuni eastward, entered Kansas, and probablyreached the northeasterly part of the State.""How about the golden Quivira?" asked Hal."The only Quivira they found was a wretched little village, probably of theWichita Indians, in Kansas.But here is a dramatic thing.While Coronado wasup there in Kansas with his fine expedition, poor De Soto, who had fought hisway from Florida to the Mississippi, had crossed the river, and was distantonly a journey of a few days for an Indian runner--in fact, it is related thatCoronado heard of some white men there in the heart of this strange countryand sent a messenger to find them, who failed.Now here's the thing thatstrikes me.At that early day, in the summer of 1541, two Spanish expeditions,one starting from Florida, and one from Mexico, practically traversed thebreadth of our continent, and nearly met in eastern Kansas.We always hear ofthe Jamestown colony and the Pilgrims; but think of the Spaniards crossing thecontinent twice in the first half of the century before Jamestown.""It's a great story," said Hal."I hope Coronado got some reward.""Not much," Ken snapped out."First, he fe 11 from his horse and was badlyhurt.Secondly, he had found no gold.That was the important thing.So hePage 44 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.htmlreached the City of Mexico in the spring of 1542, 'very sad and very weary,completely worn out and shamefaced.'""Didn't he get any credit for his discoveries?""Not a particle.Yet he had made known to Europeans a vast territory extendingfrom the mouth of the Colorado River to the Grand Cañon, and stretching eastnearly to the Mississippi and north to Nebraska.""What became of him?""He was so coldly received by the Viceroy," answered Ken, "that he resigned asGovernor of New Galicia and retired to his estate in Spain, where he died.""It's a wonderful story," said Hal."There's nothing better in the exploration of this country," Ken agreed."But,Hal, I've talked myself out and it's time to do something else."CHAPTER XIV - HIRAM BENT'S STORYHow old Hiram Bent was no one knew, and he probably did not know himself.Buthis life of Western adventure had included Indian-fighting and buffalo-huntingin the early days, and once in a while he could be persuaded to talk of wildlife on the plains.Something that he said made us demand a story, and at lasthe began:"Youngsters, this narrer escape I had happened way down in the northwestcorner of Texas.Jim must know jest about whar it was."I was tryin' to overhaul a shifty herd of buffalo, an' had rid mebbe forty orfifty mile thet day.As I was climbin' a slope I saw columns of dust risin'beyond the ridge, an' they told me the direction the herd was takin'.When Igot on top I made out far ahead a lone sentinel of the herd standin' out sharpan' black against the sky line."When the wary old buffalo disappeared I hed cause to grumble.For therewasn't much chance of me overhaulin' the herd.Still I kept spurrin' my hoss.He plunged down the ridge with a weakenin' stride, an' I knew he was mostdone.But he was game an' kept on.Presently I saw the flyin' buffalo, a blackmovin' mass half hid by clouds of whitish dust.They were a mile or more aheadan' I thought if I could git out of the rough ground I might head them.Jestbelow me were piles of yellow rock an' clumps of dwarf trees, an' green thet Ireckoned was cottonwoods.My hoss ran down into a low hollow, an' afore Iknowed what was up all about me was movin' objects, red an' brown an' black.Ipulled up my snortin' hoss right in the midst of a band of Comanches [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.""I don't see the connection," grumbled Hal."You will in a minute.You see when the Spaniards were settled in Cuba in theearly sixteenth century they kept on looking for two things--gold and a waterroute to Cathay or China and the Spice Islands of the East.Now, in 1528 aSpanish expedition under Narvaez came to grief in Florida.A few survivorsmade their way across the Gulf of Mexico, and finally four who were left werecaptured by the Indians a little west of the mouth of the Mississippi.Foryears they were captives among the Indians of eastern Texas and westernLouisiana.They made many long journeys, and their leader, Alvar Nunez Cabezade Vaca, gained some favors by acting as medicine man.But at last theyescaped.They traveled across Texas and northern Mexico, and in 1536 succeededin reaching the northern outpost of Spain in Mexico, at Culiacan, in Sinaloa.""That must have been the first time a white man crossed this continent," brokein Hal.Page 43 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html"Yes, Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was the first to cross the continent.He wasthe first white man to see the buffalo, and another thing he did was to bringhack stories of wonderful towns filled with riches of which the Indians hadtold him.Stories like this had reached the Spaniards before.Within threeyears a priest, Fray Marcos de Niza, taking one of Alvar Nunez Cabeza deVaca's followers, started north to find the Seven Cities of Cibola.Heprobably did find the Pueblos of Zuni, but he brought back exaggeratedstories.Such stories, especially one of Quivira, an Indian treasure city, ledMendoza, the Viceroy of Mexico, to organize a search expedition which wascommanded by Coronado, the Governor of New Galicia.He started north in 1540with over three hundred soldiers and over a thousand Indian allies and Indianand negro servants.He captured Zuni, although he didn't find any gold.Hewintered there and sent out exploring parties, and one of them, to come backto my starting-point, found the Grand Cañon.""Did the Spaniards get down into the Grand Cañon?" asked Hal."They tried to.Some of the men with Cardenas climbed down a long way withIndian guides.They said that some rocks on the sides of the cliffs whichseemed the size of a man from above proved to be larger than the great towerat Seville when they reached them.But they could not go on to the bottom.They estimated the width of the Cañon at the top at three or four leagues.""But," said Hal, "didn't the Spaniards ever reach the river itself?""I should say they did," replied Ken."Listen.In 1539 some ships commanded byDon Francisco de Ulloa evidently reached the mouth of the river.When Coronadostarted the next year, the Viceroy sent out another fleet commanded by DonFernando de Alarcon.This fleet was to go north along the Mexican coast, andas they knew nothing of the geography of the region they thought Coronado andAlarcon would not be far apart and could keep in touch.Alarcon not onlyreached the mouth of the Colorado, but he ascended the river in boats foreighty-five leagues and called it the Rio de Buena Guia.Also Melchior Diaz,who led an exploring party sent out by Coronado, went across Arizona to theGulf of California, crossing the Colorado River.""Where did you get all this?" asked Dick, abruptly, and then, as Ken held up asmall book, "Oh! you've been reading up.But my histories never told me this.What is that?""That," said Ken, "is Castañeda's 'Relations,' or Journal, and Castañeda wasan educated private soldier with Coronado who was the historian of thejourney, in order that there might be a full report for the Viceroy of Mexicoand the Emperor-King of Spain.It has been translated and explained by Mr.G.P.Winship, and other scholars, like Bandelier, have helped to make theSpanish explorations known.Cabeza de Vaca wrote a full account of hiswanderings, like many other adventurous Spaniards.""Oh! What became of Coronado finally?" asked Hal."His expedition journeyed from Zuni eastward, entered Kansas, and probablyreached the northeasterly part of the State.""How about the golden Quivira?" asked Hal."The only Quivira they found was a wretched little village, probably of theWichita Indians, in Kansas.But here is a dramatic thing.While Coronado wasup there in Kansas with his fine expedition, poor De Soto, who had fought hisway from Florida to the Mississippi, had crossed the river, and was distantonly a journey of a few days for an Indian runner--in fact, it is related thatCoronado heard of some white men there in the heart of this strange countryand sent a messenger to find them, who failed.Now here's the thing thatstrikes me.At that early day, in the summer of 1541, two Spanish expeditions,one starting from Florida, and one from Mexico, practically traversed thebreadth of our continent, and nearly met in eastern Kansas.We always hear ofthe Jamestown colony and the Pilgrims; but think of the Spaniards crossing thecontinent twice in the first half of the century before Jamestown.""It's a great story," said Hal."I hope Coronado got some reward.""Not much," Ken snapped out."First, he fe 11 from his horse and was badlyhurt.Secondly, he had found no gold.That was the important thing.So hePage 44 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.htmlreached the City of Mexico in the spring of 1542, 'very sad and very weary,completely worn out and shamefaced.'""Didn't he get any credit for his discoveries?""Not a particle.Yet he had made known to Europeans a vast territory extendingfrom the mouth of the Colorado River to the Grand Cañon, and stretching eastnearly to the Mississippi and north to Nebraska.""What became of him?""He was so coldly received by the Viceroy," answered Ken, "that he resigned asGovernor of New Galicia and retired to his estate in Spain, where he died.""It's a wonderful story," said Hal."There's nothing better in the exploration of this country," Ken agreed."But,Hal, I've talked myself out and it's time to do something else."CHAPTER XIV - HIRAM BENT'S STORYHow old Hiram Bent was no one knew, and he probably did not know himself.Buthis life of Western adventure had included Indian-fighting and buffalo-huntingin the early days, and once in a while he could be persuaded to talk of wildlife on the plains.Something that he said made us demand a story, and at lasthe began:"Youngsters, this narrer escape I had happened way down in the northwestcorner of Texas.Jim must know jest about whar it was."I was tryin' to overhaul a shifty herd of buffalo, an' had rid mebbe forty orfifty mile thet day.As I was climbin' a slope I saw columns of dust risin'beyond the ridge, an' they told me the direction the herd was takin'.When Igot on top I made out far ahead a lone sentinel of the herd standin' out sharpan' black against the sky line."When the wary old buffalo disappeared I hed cause to grumble.For therewasn't much chance of me overhaulin' the herd.Still I kept spurrin' my hoss.He plunged down the ridge with a weakenin' stride, an' I knew he was mostdone.But he was game an' kept on.Presently I saw the flyin' buffalo, a blackmovin' mass half hid by clouds of whitish dust.They were a mile or more aheadan' I thought if I could git out of the rough ground I might head them.Jestbelow me were piles of yellow rock an' clumps of dwarf trees, an' green thet Ireckoned was cottonwoods.My hoss ran down into a low hollow, an' afore Iknowed what was up all about me was movin' objects, red an' brown an' black.Ipulled up my snortin' hoss right in the midst of a band of Comanches [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]